1 00:00:08,190 --> 00:00:09,685 so let's talk this is going to be a lesson 23 那我们来说说——这是第 23 课。 2 00:00:09,685 --> 00:00:13,178 which there are all kinds of techniques that I've used to help people learn how to cast better 这一课里有各种各样我用过的技巧，帮助人们更好地学习抛投。 3 00:00:13,178 --> 00:00:16,221 so I'm just gonna kind of list them I've demonstrated many of them 我就把它们大致列一下，其中很多我都演示过。 4 00:00:16,221 --> 00:00:18,980 the ones I haven't I'll try to do with a noodle 没演示过的，我会尽量用面条竿来做。 5 00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:22,007 but these are things that I think can make a huge difference 但这些都是我认为能带来巨大改变的东西。 6 00:00:22,007 --> 00:00:26,930 and there's a lot of them these are what people refer to as the tools in their tool chest 而且这类技巧很多，人们把它们称为工具箱里的工具。 7 00:00:26,930 --> 00:00:33,690 and I want to make it pretty clear that if you're starting with a beginning caster and you've created let's say the role cast 我想把这一点说清楚：如果你带的是一位初学者，比如你刚教完滚抛。 8 00:00:33,690 --> 00:00:37,005 and they're making 5 errors in it and you haven't done a very good job of teaching 而他们在其中犯了 5 个错误，那就说明你教得不太好。 9 00:00:37,005 --> 00:00:43,266 teaching requires we teach step 1 and they can do it then we teach one and add two and they can do it 教学的要求是：先教第 1 步，他们能做到之后，再教一步、加上第二步，他们又能做到。 10 00:00:43,266 --> 00:00:46,812 then they teach two one two and three and add three and do it 然后教一、二，再加上第三步，让他们做出来。 11 00:00:46,812 --> 00:00:51,399 so that as you build the sequence there are very few errors in a sequence 这样随着序列逐步搭建，序列里的错误就会非常少。 12 00:00:51,399 --> 00:00:56,459 it's like building a car you don't build a whole car and then check it to make sure that the frame is okay 这就像造车：你不会把整辆车造好，才去检查车架有没有问题。 13 00:00:56,459 --> 00:00:58,270 you check the frame to start with 你要一开始就检查车架。 14 00:00:58,270 --> 00:01:03,405 so oftentimes if you get a student who has already been casting for a long time and their casts aren't very good 所以经常会有这种情况：你遇到一个已经抛了很久的学生，但他们的抛投并不好。 15 00:01:03,405 --> 00:01:06,197 you need to go all the way back to basic drills 你需要一路退回到基础练习。 16 00:01:06,197 --> 00:01:08,040 you need to go back to the paint brush drill 你需要回到画笔练习。 17 00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:09,810 you need to go back to the line drill 你需要回到线练习。 18 00:01:09,810 --> 00:01:12,180 you need to go back to the pickup and lay down 你需要回到提起与放下。 19 00:01:12,180 --> 00:01:16,380 just plain false casting the tip drills all the drills and exercises in Chapter one 纯粹的假投、竿尖练习，第一章里的所有练习和训练。 20 00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:23,366 because it's going to be a waste of time it's going back and try to change things when the fundamentals are just messed up 因为如果基础动作一团糟，你回头去改这些东西只是浪费时间。 21 00:01:23,366 --> 00:01:30,067 the fundamental base level of competency has to be there or all the other stuff falls apart 基本的底层能力必须到位，否则其他一切都会崩掉。 22 00:01:30,067 --> 00:01:35,302 so my suggestion is don't just assume that all these tools are gonna work for you 所以我的建议是：不要以为这些工具对每个人都管用。 23 00:01:35,302 --> 00:01:38,940 the other thing I think that's really important is if there can be two different people 另一件我认为非常重要的事是：假设有两个不同的人。 24 00:01:38,940 --> 00:01:45,292 that use let's say a lathe the quality of the product they produce off of that later it's the same tool 他们都用同一台车床，但做出的产品质量却不一样，而工具是同一台。 25 00:01:45,292 --> 00:01:50,760 so the noodle is the same exact tool for every single person there's a noodle it's a noodle 所以面条竿对每个人来说都是完全一样的工具——它只是一根面条竿。 26 00:01:50,760 --> 00:01:56,034 that's always to it it's a tool how I use that tool is going to be really critical 它始终只是一件工具，而我怎么用这件工具才是真正关键的。 27 00:01:56,034 --> 00:01:57,510 how do I fit it in 我要怎么把它用进去？ 28 00:01:57,510 --> 00:02:04,244 so one of the things we want to do no matter how we you follow these tools is we had to understand that we need to find 所以不管你怎么运用这些工具，我们要做的其中一件事，就是必须明白：我们需要找出…… 29 00:02:04,244 --> 00:02:13,136 let's say a person is doing this they're making Freire simultaneously they're making an error they've just go in there too fast 假设一个人做这个动作时同时犯了好几个错误——他们犯了错，进去得太快了。 30 00:02:13,136 --> 00:02:16,447 there's no proper acceleration they go way too big the casting arc 没有正确的加速度，抛投弧做得太大。 31 00:02:16,447 --> 00:02:19,583 lets going to have 40 feet of line and they've got no pause 比如线上有 40 英尺，而他们完全没有停顿。 32 00:02:19,583 --> 00:02:25,381 so what do you do you need to ask yourself what's the most fundamental error here 那你该怎么办？你需要问自己：这里最根本的错误是什么？ 33 00:02:25,381 --> 00:02:29,193 so I'm gonna give you a second to think about it 我给你一秒钟想一想。 34 00:02:29,193 --> 00:02:34,330 what would you have them do I'll tell you right now 你会让他们做什么？我现在就告诉你。 35 00:02:34,330 --> 00:02:38,067 if you told them hey you're gonna try to correct all those things at the same time 如果你对他们说：嘿，你要同时把这些全都改过来…… 36 00:02:38,067 --> 00:02:43,990 you just should you're done there's no way you're gonna have to pick which one of those three classic errors are they making 那你就完了，根本做不到——你必须挑出：他们犯的究竟是三个典型错误里的哪一个。 37 00:02:43,990 --> 00:02:44,990 it's the most important 这才是最重要的。 38 00:02:44,984 --> 00:02:49,330 I've had people tell me oh I would make them close down they're casting our whole case 曾有人对我说：我会让他们把动作幅度收小；可他们整个抛投都成问题。 39 00:02:49,330 --> 00:02:53,260 they do this you think that's gonna help that line is just wrapped around their line 他们这么做，你以为有用？可线早就缠成一团了。 40 00:02:53,260 --> 00:02:59,817 the one you have to stop is a pause if you get the pause first 你必须先纠正的就是停顿——如果你先把停顿弄对。 41 00:02:59,817 --> 00:03:03,580 now whichever the other two you want to work on is probably okay 至于另外两个你想先处理哪个，大概都可以。 42 00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:06,775 but you've got to figure out the pause is the critical one 但你得明白，停顿才是最关键的那个。 43 00:03:06,775 --> 00:03:10,984 if you correct the plots problem a lot of the rest of its going to be easy to teach 如果你把停顿的问题纠正了，其余很多问题都会变得容易教。 44 00:03:10,984 --> 00:03:13,240 if you try to correct at all you're pretty much hosed 如果你想一次全改，那基本就没救了。 45 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:18,477 so that's one thing the other thing is praise prompt to leave once they get this done 这是一点；另一点是：等他们做到之后，就表扬、提示，然后离开。 46 00:03:18,477 --> 00:03:22,793 praise a man now you've got a great pause really good pause 表扬他：“好，你现在有一个很棒的停顿，非常好的停顿。” 47 00:03:22,793 --> 00:03:25,840 and when they're doing this I would just tell them let's let's 当他们这么做时，我会对他们说：“来，我们看看……” 48 00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:28,880 look I know we need to pause a little longer let's pause a little longer “我知道我们需要停顿得再久一点，来，停久一点。” 49 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:36,970 so when you get to here I want you to stop and count to 1 1 1 1 1 1 before you come forward 所以当你到这里时，我要你停下来，在向前之前数一、一、一、一、一、一。 50 00:03:36,970 --> 00:03:38,778 or hi mom or whatever 或者数别的什么都行。 51 00:03:38,778 --> 00:03:41,560 then what you can do is when they get to that you say ok 接下来你可以做的是：当他们做到那一步时，你说“好”。 52 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:44,830 you've got the pause really down the praise the prompt is next prompt “你的停顿已经掌握得很好了”——先表扬，下一个提示是…… 53 00:03:44,830 --> 00:03:48,178 now what I'd like you to do I'm gonna put two noodles up here “现在我要你做的是”——我会在这里竖两根面条竿。 54 00:03:48,178 --> 00:03:56,576 I want you to stop here still say 1 when you hit it stop 1 1 1 1 1 1 我要你停在这里，仍然说“一”——当你打到它时，停住，一、一、一、一、一、一。 55 00:03:56,576 --> 00:04:00,637 now the last thing I'm going to have you do is try to calm down a little bit 最后我要你做的一件事，就是稍微冷静下来。 56 00:04:00,637 --> 00:04:04,043 let's your gun he pause is awesome casting arc is perfect 来看看——你的停顿很棒，抛投弧也很完美。 57 00:04:04,043 --> 00:04:08,624 now what we want to do is just relax and make a nice smooth cast nice smooth acceleration 现在我们要做的就是放松，做出一次漂亮流畅的抛投，漂亮流畅的加速。 58 00:04:08,624 --> 00:04:12,258 so before we do that let's go do the paint brush drill 所以在做这个之前，我们先来做画笔练习。 59 00:04:12,258 --> 00:04:14,410 just this or let's just do some pantomiming 就做这个，或者我们干脆做几次徒手模仿。 60 00:04:14,410 --> 00:04:18,138 and when I pantomime is normally with my hand first 而当我做徒手模仿时，通常先用手。 61 00:04:18,138 --> 00:04:23,906 then a noodle then a rod without a line and then a rod and a line 然后用面条竿，再用不带线的竿，最后才用带线的竿。 62 00:04:23,906 --> 00:04:28,263 so that's what we're gonna try to do now that it sold a system 所以这就是我们现在要尝试做的，而这一整套就是一个体系。 63 00:04:28,263 --> 00:04:32,760 that you use the understanding of how to use these tools in what order to use them 你要理解如何使用这些工具，以及使用它们的顺序。 64 00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:34,961 and when to use them is absolutely critical 而什么时候用它们，也是绝对关键的。 65 00:04:34,961 --> 00:04:41,240 you can't just pick a tool out of a box and use it if it's the wrong tool for that particular application 你不能随手从盒子里拿一件工具就用；如果它对不上具体的应用场景。 66 00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:43,447 it's not gonna do you a whole lot of good 它对你没什么帮助。 67 00:04:43,447 --> 00:04:45,790 so now we're going to talk about some of the tools 那现在我们来讲讲其中的一些工具。 68 00:04:45,790 --> 00:04:51,855 but you need to really go through I would suggest that everybody make sure you're going through the teaching stuff 但你需要真正过一遍——我建议每个人都确保自己过一遍教学部分的内容。 69 00:04:51,855 --> 00:04:56,037 and understanding how the tools are applied to different situations 并理解这些工具如何应用到不同的情境中。 70 00:04:56,037 --> 00:05:00,240 there's one other aside really quickly 还有一点题外话，很快说一下。 71 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:04,624 anybody who believes that there are tactile learners visual learners and auditory learners 如果有谁相信存在触觉型、视觉型和听觉型学习者…… 72 00:05:04,624 --> 00:05:07,493 and as a teacher you need to be aware of that 而且作为老师你必须了解这些。 73 00:05:07,493 --> 00:05:09,960 I'm sorry but that's just platen not true 抱歉，那根本就不是真的。 74 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:13,016 there's tons and tons of studies that just spell that whole myth 有大量研究彻底戳穿了这个神话。 75 00:05:13,016 --> 00:05:15,270 that's just like the watermelon diet or something 那就像什么西瓜减肥法一样。 76 00:05:15,270 --> 00:05:17,920 the truth is we need to do all three things simultaneously 事实是，我们需要同时做到这三件事。 77 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,240 if I'm gonna have somebody what I'm gonna do 如果我要带一个人，我会怎么做？ 78 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:24,653 let's say I go to put my hand on their hand we're gonna talk about that a minute 比如说，我把手放在他们的手上——这个我们待会儿再细说。 79 00:05:24,653 --> 00:05:27,306 I want you to close your eyes and feel this 我要你闭上眼睛，感受一下。 80 00:05:27,306 --> 00:05:37,935 now I want you to look where my rods stopping tactile visual and obviously they're listening at the same time 现在我要你看我的竿在哪里停住——触觉、视觉，而且他们显然同时在听。 81 00:05:37,935 --> 00:05:43,788 so it's auditory the only way to teach efficiently is to use all three modalities simultaneously 所以它同时也是听觉的——高效教学的唯一办法，就是同时用上这三种感官通道。 82 00:05:43,788 --> 00:05:47,344 or very in very close proximity to each other 或者至少让它们非常紧密地接连出现。 83 00:05:47,344 --> 00:05:48,858 it's a total waste of time 否则纯粹是浪费时间。 84 00:05:48,858 --> 00:05:53,489 especially with a group to decide well this person is a visual learner that person's auditory learner 尤其是面对一群人时，去判断“这个人是视觉型学习者，那个人是听觉型学习者”。 85 00:05:53,489 --> 00:05:55,690 that's just total it just doesn't work 那完全行不通，根本没用。 86 00:05:55,690 --> 00:05:59,579 and it's not going to be it hasn't been supported by any kind of research 而且这从来没有得到过任何研究的支持。 87 00:05:59,579 --> 00:06:06,075 so the best thing is what I call say C do teaching say it have them see it and have them do it 所以最好的办法就是我所说的“说—看—做”教学法：说出来，让他们看到，再让他们做。 88 00:06:06,075 --> 00:06:12,182 and then all three of them simultaneously are the closer to simultaneous you can get the better that way everybody learns 然后让这三者同时进行，越接近同步越好，这样每个人都能学会。 89 00:06:12,182 --> 00:06:22,530 so think about that when you're trying to teach 所以在教学时，请把这一点考虑进去。 90 00:06:30,980 --> 00:06:32,495 so let's talk about some of the tools 那我们来讲讲其中一些工具。 91 00:06:32,495 --> 00:06:35,299 eyes closed I'm telling you I use eyes closed all the time 闭眼——我告诉你，我一直都在用闭眼练习。 92 00:06:35,299 --> 00:06:42,187 the sense is we don't tend to pay attention to the tactile and visual senses when our eyes are open 原因是：眼睛睁开时，我们往往不会去注意触觉和视觉。 93 00:06:42,187 --> 00:06:47,529 if we close our eyes we feel stuff it forces us to feel and to visualize 闭上眼，我们才会去感受，这迫使我们用心感受并加以想象。 94 00:06:47,529 --> 00:06:56,345 so by having people close their eyes almost Annie drill the line drill to pick up and lay down all those drills with the eyes closed 所以让人闭上眼睛做几乎任何练习——线练习、提起与放下——所有这些练习都可以闭着眼做。 95 00:06:56,345 --> 00:07:01,930 they may not be quite as good and oftentimes you'd be surprised the drill actually gets better with their eyes closed 他们可能做得没那么好；但常常会让你惊讶的是，闭着眼反而做得更好。 96 00:07:01,930 --> 00:07:08,615 because they're not distracted by the line and everything else they're actually visualizing where they stop and when they start and so on 因为他们不会被线和别的东西分心，而是真的在想象自己在哪里停、什么时候开始，等等。 97 00:07:08,615 --> 00:07:13,498 so a lot of times I use an eyes closed think pantomiming like we just talked about 所以很多时候我会用闭眼思考式的徒手模仿，就像我们刚才讲的那样。 98 00:07:13,498 --> 00:07:20,689 hand first then in the noodle then the rod without a line and then the rod and the line 先用手，然后用面条竿，再用不带线的竿，最后用带线的竿。 99 00:07:20,689 --> 00:07:30,080 that's very important the simulcasting both people cast together super super skill for a teacher 这很重要——同步抛投，两个人一起抛，对老师来说是非常非常实用的技能。 100 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:32,243 and it's kind of fun it looks really good 而且这挺有意思，看起来也很棒。 101 00:07:32,243 --> 00:07:34,052 if you have a videotape it looks awesome 如果有录像，看起来会非常帅。 102 00:07:34,052 --> 00:07:38,941 teach me okay I've just showed you the six steps of the role cast “教教我”——好，我刚才已经给你演示了滚抛的六步法。 103 00:07:38,941 --> 00:07:46,339 but I like you do not show me the six steps of the role cast one two three four five six 但我希望你不要给我演示滚抛的六个步骤：一、二、三、四、五、六。 104 00:07:46,339 --> 00:07:47,480 that's an awesome way 这是个很棒的方式。 105 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,050 there's there's that that whole saying that the best way to learn something is teach it is 有这么一句老话：学一样东西最好的方法就是去教它。 106 00:07:51,050 --> 00:07:57,619 absolutely been proved by study after study after study research completely supports the idea 这一点已经被一项又一项研究证实，研究完全支持这个观点。 107 00:07:57,619 --> 00:08:22,749 so even if you're teaching one-on-one have your student teach you app you've taught him always use visual cues 所以即使是一对一教学，也让学生来教你——在你教过他之后；并且始终使用视觉提示。 108 00:08:22,749 --> 00:08:24,652 when you're talking about tactile stuff it does no good 当你讲的是触觉方面的东西时，那没有用。 109 00:08:24,652 --> 00:08:26,852 tell a person close your casting arc there 对一个人说“把抛投弧收在这里”。 110 00:08:26,852 --> 00:08:28,569 are some people that can do that 有些人能做到这一点。 111 00:08:28,569 --> 00:08:31,997 but if you tell them here's a visual clue that is the back 但如果你告诉他们一个视觉提示：这就是后方的位置。 112 00:08:31,997 --> 00:08:35,679 when you hit that palm tree this is the front when you hit that oak tree 当你打到那棵棕榈树时……这里是前方；当你打到那棵橡树时…… 113 00:08:35,679 --> 00:08:40,384 or you even use the clock there's it some kind of a visual imprint in their mind 或者你甚至用表盘，这样在他们脑子里会留下某种视觉印记。 114 00:08:40,384 --> 00:08:45,639 twelve o'clock one o'clock two o'clock twelve o'clock ten o'clock nine o'clock and so on 12 点、1 点、2 点，12 点、10 点、9 点，等等。 115 00:08:45,639 --> 00:08:49,218 so let's go we want you to close your piece of pie 那开始吧——我们要你把那块“派”合拢一点。 116 00:08:49,218 --> 00:08:55,160 always use analogies and try to use visual cues for what you want them to do 要一直使用类比，尽量用视觉提示来表达你想让他们做的事。 117 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:56,932 it doesn't do any good for most people 对大多数人来说，那没有用。 118 00:08:56,932 --> 00:09:02,470 for you to say you need to close your captain mark that's pretty much a worthless thing for most learners 你对人说“你需要把抛投弧收小”——对大多数学习者来说，这几乎毫无用处。 119 00:09:02,470 --> 00:09:06,542 not everybody but most people so we take credit for the person that can learn that way 不是所有人，但大多数人如此；于是我们就为那个正好能这样学会的人邀功。 120 00:09:06,542 --> 00:09:10,964 and say well I could teach somebody yeah I can see if there's a lot of people I've taught in my career 然后说：“嗯，我谁都能教。”是啊——看我职业生涯里教过的那么多人。 121 00:09:10,964 --> 00:09:16,416 that my grandmother could have taught it doesn't mean that I was teaching well he was meaning that they were just brilliant students 就算换成我奶奶来教也一样；那并不意味着我教得好，只说明他们本来就是很聪明的学生。 122 00:09:16,416 --> 00:09:24,430 so try to get over that left-handed oftentimes a person who's having trouble right-handed have them try a little bit left-handed 所以要克服这种想法——如果一个人用右手总是做不好，就让他用左手试一下。 123 00:09:24,430 --> 00:09:31,029 they've done a lot of studies or simulcast together they do it together right hand and left hand together 他们做过很多研究：或者同步抛投——两只手一起做，右手和左手同时进行。 124 00:09:31,029 --> 00:09:32,578 that's an awesome thing to do 这是很棒的做法。 125 00:09:32,578 --> 00:09:34,800 give them two rods they don't have to have lines on them 给他们两根竿——竿上不必装线。 126 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:36,767 give them two rods and have them do this 给他们两根竿，让他们这样做。 127 00:09:36,767 --> 00:09:45,725 they've done a lot of studies that working with your left hand improves your right hand 有很多研究表明，用左手练习可以改善右手的表现。 128 00:09:45,725 --> 00:10:01,334 so try that let's talk about to a hand on top of the for a second 所以不妨试试；我们再来谈谈把一只手放在他们手上这件事。 129 00:10:01,334 --> 00:10:04,316 one of the things I found is that it's a waste of time 我发现的一件事是：那是浪费时间。 130 00:10:04,316 --> 00:10:09,920 to take a rod out of a student's hand I mean I virtually never take a rod out of a student's hand 从学生手里把竿拿走——我是说，我几乎从不把学生手里的竿拿过来。 131 00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:12,783 explaining and demonstrate here let me have that and explain and demonstrate 解释并演示——“来，让我来一下”——然后再解释、再演示。 132 00:10:12,783 --> 00:10:16,910 how to do it that except for five to ten percent of the population 该怎么做——只有 5% 到 10% 的人属于例外。 133 00:10:16,910 --> 00:10:20,210 is as worthless as a screen door on a submarine man 对这之外的人来说，这就像潜艇上的纱门一样毫无用处。 134 00:10:20,210 --> 00:10:21,890 just forget it it's not going to work 老兄，算了吧，这根本行不通。 135 00:10:21,890 --> 00:10:24,125 so I never take the rod out of the hand 所以我从不把竿从学生手里拿走。 136 00:10:24,125 --> 00:10:27,196 a next best thing and there's some disagreement about this 还有一个次优的做法，而关于这一点存在一些分歧。 137 00:10:27,196 --> 00:10:33,350 but if if Chris is here I would come up to Chris and say Chris do you mind if I put my hand on top of yours okay 但如果 Chris 在这里，我会走到 Chris 面前说：“Chris，你介意我把手放在你手上吗？”好。 138 00:10:33,350 --> 00:10:35,638 and I'll be standing behind you is that all right 我会站在你身后，这样可以吗？ 139 00:10:35,638 --> 00:10:39,690 so first off could you move your hand back just a little bit as far as you can slide for a room up here 那么首先，你能不能把手稍微往后移一点，尽量滑到你还能留出空间的位置。 140 00:10:39,690 --> 00:10:41,345 I don't have to really grab your hand 我不必真的抓住你的手。 141 00:10:41,345 --> 00:10:43,471 so you're standing way out in front of them 这样你就站在他们正前方较远的位置。 142 00:10:43,471 --> 00:10:50,317 I've never had a problem and I've had a lot of secret evaluations attending workshops 我从没遇到过问题——我参加过很多次秘密评估的工作坊。 143 00:10:50,317 --> 00:10:58,430 and I asked him is there anything I've done that's bothered you and I've never had one single person out of probably a couple of thousand at least 我还问过他们：我做过什么让你不舒服的事吗？而在至少大概两千人当中。 144 00:10:58,430 --> 00:11:02,131 say yeah it really bothered me when you touched my hand 没有一个人说过：“有，你碰我的手让我很不舒服。” 145 00:11:02,131 --> 00:11:08,840 I've never had anybody say no if you're professional and you're not a horndog and you're doing this the way you're supposed to do 我从没遇到过有人说不行——如果你是专业人士、不是色鬼，而且按该有的方式去做。 146 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,462 I don't see any problem at all you know it's 我看不出有任何问题，你知道，这只是…… 147 00:11:12,462 --> 00:11:15,290 just I'm sorry and that that person should tell me if they have a problem 抱歉——如果有问题，那个人应该告诉我。 148 00:11:15,290 --> 00:11:19,227 this is the most effective way for the attempt to feel what's going on 这是让他们感受正在发生什么的最有效方式。 149 00:11:19,227 --> 00:11:21,014 so what I do is I do this 所以我的做法是：我先这样做。 150 00:11:21,014 --> 00:11:26,315 then I come around stay away from them don't touch an old grab him don't touch him stay right here okay 我绕到旁边，和他们保持距离——不要碰，别抓着他，别碰他，就站在这里，好。 151 00:11:26,315 --> 00:11:32,450 Chris I'm gonna put my hand right all these this little finger is kind of gonna be over your thumb and I'm gonna be right here Chris，我要把手放上去——我的小指会大致搭在你的拇指上方，我就放在这里。 152 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:36,273 now what I want you to do I want you to close your eyes and I just want you to feel it 现在我要你做的是：闭上眼睛，只要去感受它。 153 00:11:36,273 --> 00:11:38,566 left me do a hundred percent of the work now “让我来做百分之百的动作。” 154 00:11:38,566 --> 00:11:42,365 we're gonna go back and forth and do whatever we're supposed to be doing back and forth 我们来回做，做我们该做的动作，来回进行。 155 00:11:42,365 --> 00:11:47,108 we got a tree up there so it's not going to it there we go so back and forth to feel that I guess okay 上面有棵树，所以它不会……好了，就这样来回，去感受它，我想。好。 156 00:11:47,108 --> 00:11:53,730 now what I want you to do I want you need 10% of it try to do it the same rhythm I just did it okay 现在我要你做的是：你出 10% 的力，尽量用我刚才的节奏来做，好。 157 00:11:53,730 --> 00:11:59,032 now do 30% of it keep your eyes closed do 40% of it 现在做 30%，眼睛保持闭着；再做 40%。 158 00:11:59,032 --> 00:12:02,501 they do 75% of it okay 再做 75%，好。 159 00:12:02,501 --> 00:12:12,771 now you take control of it take it all right very good 现在你自己掌控，全部接过去——好，非常好。 160 00:12:12,771 --> 00:12:17,950 okay now open your eyes and watch what's happening let me do it again okay 好，现在睁开眼睛，看看发生了什么——我再做一次。 161 00:12:17,950 --> 00:12:25,484 now you take ten percent of it twenty percent of it thirty percent of it okay very good 好，现在你出 10%、20%、30%——好，非常好。 162 00:12:25,484 --> 00:12:33,099 so when Chris does that I'm completely away from him I've got just a couple of my little fingers over his thumb 所以当 Chris 做动作时，我完全离开他，只用几根小指搭在他的拇指上。 163 00:12:33,099 --> 00:12:37,459 the rest to me it could even be up on the ride a little bit I like down here a little better 其余的部分甚至可以放在竿的上方一点；我更喜欢放在下面这里，稍低一些。 164 00:12:37,459 --> 00:12:42,592 because that's more realistic and he can feel the leverage when you start casting a rod up here 因为这样更真实，而且当你把竿举起来开始抛投时，他能感觉到杠杆作用。 165 00:12:42,592 --> 00:12:46,957 you're casting an 8-foot rod instead of a nine-foot rod and things are a little bit different 你抛的是 8 英尺的竿而不是 9 英尺的竿，感觉会有些不同。 166 00:12:46,957 --> 00:12:52,440 plus he can't feel the pressure on putting on his hand he can sort of feel the pressure on putting on the rod 而且他感觉不到我加在他手上的压力，反而能感受到加在竿上的压力。 167 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:54,598 as I make the cast in any case 在我做抛投的时候——无论如何。 168 00:12:54,598 --> 00:12:59,220 I think that's a very valuable teaching technique I use it all the time 我觉得这是一种非常有价值的教学技巧，我一直在用。 169 00:12:59,220 --> 00:13:05,064 and it beats the crud out of taking somebody's rod from him and telling him hey let me show you how to do this 这比把竿从学生手里抢过来、对他说“嘿，让我教你怎么做”要强得多。 170 00:13:05,064 --> 00:13:16,820 when I see a teacher do that I mean I'm pretty unimpressed 当我看到老师这么做时，说实话我觉得很不怎么样。 171 00:13:29,150 --> 00:13:30,924 another technique that I use a lot is just what I call the exaggeration technique 我常用的另一个技巧，就是我所说的“夸张法”。 172 00:13:30,924 --> 00:13:34,010 let's say a person is using a wrist much wrist 假设一个人手腕用得太多。 173 00:13:34,010 --> 00:13:35,836 I'll tell me what I want you to do that watch 我会告诉他说：我要你做的是——看着。 174 00:13:35,836 --> 00:13:39,731 do you've even more risk really you some rhythm I'm a more wrist more risk 做吧，你甚至冒更大的风险——真的，来点节奏——手腕越多，风险越大。 175 00:13:39,731 --> 00:13:44,930 okay less wrist less wrist less stress less wrist less wrist 好——手腕少一点，手腕少一点，压力小一点；手腕再少一点，再少一点。 176 00:13:44,930 --> 00:13:50,678 oftentimes you can get somebody who improved by just exaggerating their fault and then moving backwards from there 很多时候，你只要让他们把错误夸张地做出来，然后再从那里往回退，就能让人进步。 177 00:13:50,678 --> 00:13:52,280 so that's something you can try it 所以这是你可以试试的办法。 178 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:58,100 plus a lot of these things is the more different kinds of things you're trying the more fun a one-hour lesson can be 另外，你尝试的种类越多，一小时的课程就越有趣。 179 00:13:58,100 --> 00:14:00,109 especially if you're working with somebody for one 尤其是当你和某个人长期上课的时候。 180 00:14:00,109 --> 00:14:05,000 so let's say one day a week or one hour a week for six weeks in a row or something like that 比如每周一天，或者每周一小时，连续六周，或者类似这样。 181 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,846 and you'd want to do the same old thing every single time 你不会想每次都做同样的老一套。 182 00:14:07,846 --> 00:14:10,730 do you want to mix some stuff to make it a little more fun 所以要不要混入一些内容，让它更有趣一点？ 183 00:14:10,730 --> 00:14:13,689 so mix some of these different techniques up 那就把这些不同的技巧搭配起来用。 184 00:14:13,689 --> 00:14:16,866 the other thing is eyes closed and visualize the clock 另一点是：闭上眼睛，想象表盘。 185 00:14:16,866 --> 00:14:18,050 I'll tell somebody close your eyes 我会对某个人说：闭上眼睛。 186 00:14:18,050 --> 00:14:33,553 so I've got my eyes closed tell me 12 1 2 3 12 11 10 9 - 9 3 11 - and just see if they can do that 所以：我闭上眼，你说出 12、1、2、3、12、11、10、9——9、3、11——看看他们能不能做到。 187 00:14:33,553 --> 00:14:35,870 now I have them close their eyes and cast cast okay 现在我要他们闭上眼睛抛投——抛，好。 188 00:14:35,870 --> 00:14:44,011 I want you to make big loops you're gonna have to go from 2:30 to 9:30 okay 我要你做大的线环，你得从 2:30 走到 9:30，好。 189 00:14:44,011 --> 00:14:50,780 smaller loops go from 10 to 2 smaller loops 1:30 to 12:30 线环小一点，从 10 点走到 2 点；再小一点，从 1:30 到 12:30。 190 00:14:50,780 --> 00:14:53,350 you better have a small amount of line you're gonna get a bunch of tails 你的线要少一些，否则会出现一堆追尾。 191 00:14:53,350 --> 00:14:57,680 but my point is you could have them do that kind of stuff with our eyes closed 但我的意思是，你可以让他们闭着眼睛做这类练习。 192 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:02,049 have them challenged dividual like this what I wanted to do is 让他们这样挑战自己——我想做的是： 193 00:15:02,049 --> 00:15:07,920 do vertical okay 45 degrees horizontal vertical 做垂直——好，45 度、水平、垂直。 194 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:11,085 have them do that Alan 让他们那样做，Alan。 195 00:15:11,085 --> 00:15:17,060 let's do it off the couch shoulder pretty vertical 45 degrees horizontal 从持竿肩这一侧来做：接近垂直、45 度、水平。 196 00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:20,490 just to have them do that practice that kind of stuff 就让他们这样练、做这类练习。 197 00:15:20,490 --> 00:15:23,441 grip you know as far as style is concerned 说到握法——就风格而言。 198 00:15:23,441 --> 00:15:27,094 there are some styles that lend themselves better to certain applications and others 有些风格更适合某些特定的应用，另一些则不然。 199 00:15:27,094 --> 00:15:30,243 so when people say your style doesn't matter that's not really true 所以当人们说“风格无所谓”时，这并不完全正确。 200 00:15:30,243 --> 00:15:32,459 style doesn't matter in some cases 在某些情况下风格确实无所谓。 201 00:15:32,459 --> 00:15:39,919 this grip is not a particularly good you don't see too many people casting a 12 weight at 80 feet for tarpon with this grip 这种握法并不特别好——你很少看到有人用这种握法，抛 12 号竿、80 英尺去钓大海鲢。 202 00:15:39,919 --> 00:15:45,139 they don't have enough strength in his forefinger to stop the rod properly to make a good cast 他们的食指力量不够，无法正确地让竿停住，从而做出好的抛投。 203 00:15:45,139 --> 00:15:48,319 so this grip for this grip we're gonna be superior 所以这种握法比那种握法更优越。 204 00:15:48,319 --> 00:15:52,019 but like we talked about in the task number 22 不过就像我们在第 22 项任务里讲过的。 205 00:15:52,019 --> 00:15:54,702 sometimes changing this grip for accuracy is good 有时为了精准度而改变握法是好的。 206 00:15:54,702 --> 00:16:01,943 it's also good because it's hard I can't break my wrist to here I can break my wrist pretty easy down to here here it's much more difficult 这也有好处，因为它更难——我没法把手腕折到这里；而我能很轻易地把手腕折到下面这里，这里就难得多。 207 00:16:01,943 --> 00:16:06,495 so the grip sometimes you can change the person style same thing with their stance 所以握法——有时你可以改变一个人的风格；站姿也是同样道理。 208 00:16:06,495 --> 00:16:10,189 so let's talk a little bit about style let's talk about stance as a style 那我们稍微谈谈风格——把站姿当作一种风格来谈。 209 00:16:10,189 --> 00:16:14,179 I'm gonna give you Joe Moller taught me something for the double haul that I really really like 我要告诉你 Joe Moller 教我的一个关于双重拉线的方法，我非常喜欢。 210 00:16:14,179 --> 00:16:20,037 but normally most people that are right-handed stand like this is it called an open stance this would be a square stance 但通常大多数习惯用右手的人是这样站的——这叫做开放式站姿；这样则是正对式站姿。 211 00:16:20,037 --> 00:16:24,443 and this would be a closed stance or Sugarfoot stance or whatever anyway 而这样是并拢式站姿，或者叫 Sugarfoot 站姿，随便怎么叫。 212 00:16:24,443 --> 00:16:31,508 so most people are here so when they put a halt this leg is kind of in the way to make a nice parallel halt with their rod 所以大多数人站在这里，当他们做拉线时，这条腿有点挡路，没法让竿做一个漂亮的平行拉线。 213 00:16:31,508 --> 00:16:34,767 if you stand here and haul now you get the idea 如果你站在这里拉线，你就能体会到那种感觉。 214 00:16:34,767 --> 00:16:38,116 instead of hauling out you get the idea of hauling down 不是往外拉，而是往下拉的感觉。 215 00:16:38,116 --> 00:16:40,816 but with this leg man down I do that as well 但用这条腿，往下拉——我也这么做。 216 00:16:40,816 --> 00:16:45,109 warm up a lot of times when I go to start my practice for double hauling and distance casting 很多时候，在我开始练双重拉线和远投之前，我会先热身。 217 00:16:45,109 --> 00:16:53,734 because it forces me to start thinking about this instead of this which decreases the efficiency of my cast 因为它迫使我开始想着这样，而不是那样——那样会降低我抛投的效率。 218 00:16:53,734 --> 00:16:55,999 so now I'm gonna work on here 那现在我就在这个位置上练。 219 00:16:55,999 --> 00:17:02,493 so that you know the other thing is this is a great stance the problem is oftentimes the person who has this stance 另外你要知道，这是一种很好的站姿；问题在于，常用这种站姿的人…… 220 00:17:02,493 --> 00:17:06,413 in a right-hander what they do they have a tracking error when they come around which is mate 对于右手持竿的人，他们会出现走线错误——当他们绕过来时，也就是…… 221 00:17:06,413 --> 00:17:09,424 what they want so that sometimes if you're doing it tension cast 也就是他们想要的位置——所以有时候，如果你做的是张力抛投…… 222 00:17:09,424 --> 00:17:12,934 but still you may want to have them do this 也就是他们想要的位置——所以有时候，如果你做的是持续张力抛投…… 223 00:17:12,934 --> 00:17:17,419 it's pretty hard to have a tracking error right here much more difficult to have a tracking error 在这里很难出现走线错误——要出现走线错误要难得多。 224 00:17:17,419 --> 00:17:21,924 so you can play with this stance as a way of solving some problems 所以你可以用这种站姿来作为解决某些问题的方法。 225 00:17:21,924 --> 00:17:25,814 so when you're looking a person and you're watching their casting problems 所以当你观察一个人、看他们的抛投问题时。 226 00:17:25,814 --> 00:17:32,509 think about the possibility can I change their style a little bit to help them to make their casting more efficient and easier 想一想这种可能：我能不能稍微改变一下他们的风格，帮他们让抛投更高效、更轻松？ 227 00:17:32,509 --> 00:17:34,120 same thing with arm way up here 手臂举得很高也是这样。 228 00:17:34,120 --> 00:17:38,878 sure you can cast up here but for some people this is gonna keep everything straight err and cleaner 当然你可以把手举这么高来抛，但对有些人来说，这样能让一切都更直、更干净。 229 00:17:38,878 --> 00:17:52,110 so those are all things you can do to help a person become a better caster 这些都是你可以做的事，帮助一个人成为更好的抛投者。 230 00:18:04,280 --> 00:18:08,533 so let's just review a little bit one of the things I really think that it helps is to have don't perhaps person do the grass drill 那我们稍微回顾一下：我觉得很有帮助的一件事，就是让一个人做草地练习。 231 00:18:08,533 --> 00:18:14,588 for 20 minutes if they don't get something in the first three or four minutes they're not going to get it in that particular learning sequence 做 20 分钟——如果他们在最初三四分钟里没找到感觉，那么在这个学习序列里他们就不会有进展。 232 00:18:14,588 --> 00:18:17,417 you need to go do something else and come back to it the other day 你需要去做点别的，改天再回来练它。 233 00:18:17,417 --> 00:18:21,860 I had a guy was running out of double halt and he was he was okay he was pretty rough 有个人练双重拉线练得很吃力——他算是勉强可以，但相当粗糙。 234 00:18:21,860 --> 00:18:25,207 but then we went off and did some more we did some pick up and lay down 但接着我们去做别的：做了些提起与放下。 235 00:18:25,207 --> 00:18:28,460 and some work falls cast and we shot at some targets 20 minutes later 还练了些假投，然后对着几个目标做射击式抛投——20 分钟后。 236 00:18:28,460 --> 00:18:31,720 we came back into the double halt drill again BAM he got much better at it 我们再回到双重拉线练习——砰，他一下子做得好多了。 237 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:36,807 we went off and did it again for 20 minutes the last five minutes he was double all in 50 feet a lie 我们再去练别的，20 分钟后——也就是最后五分钟——他已经能完整地在 50 英尺上做双重拉线了，一点不夸张。 238 00:18:36,807 --> 00:18:40,640 if I had just kept hanging with a double halt a he was getting frustrated 如果我当时一直抓着双重拉线不放，他会越来越沮丧。 239 00:18:40,640 --> 00:18:46,760 be he was getting tired see wasn't gonna learn it he needed to have a break so that's something that's really important 他已经累了——你看，他学不进去了，他需要休息一下；所以这一点非常重要。 240 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:48,410 is don't work at something too long 就是不要在同一个东西上练太久。 241 00:18:48,410 --> 00:18:51,425 before you shift a little bit use your imagination 在换点别的内容之前，发挥你的想象力。 242 00:18:51,425 --> 00:18:55,190 realize that it just you know look at a person's problem 要明白——你知道，观察一个人的问题时…… 243 00:18:55,190 --> 00:18:59,270 don't try to solve just what we look at is the symptom of the problem 不要只解决我们看到的现象，那只是问题的症状。 244 00:18:59,270 --> 00:19:03,684 in other words let's say you've got a person who's got a downward trajectory in the front 换句话说，假设你遇到一个人，他的前侧轨迹向下。 245 00:19:03,684 --> 00:19:09,404 and that therefore they can't cast very far that's the symptom of very likely creep 因此他们抛不远——这个症状很可能是前移造成的。 246 00:19:09,404 --> 00:19:12,388 or an inappropriate application of power in the back 或者是在后侧不当地施力。 247 00:19:12,388 --> 00:19:18,593 so what they've done is instead of having casting arc like this they've created a casting arc like this to compensate for that 所以他们做的是：本来抛投弧该是这样，他们却做成这样来补偿。 248 00:19:18,593 --> 00:19:19,687 this is not good 这是不对的。 249 00:19:19,687 --> 00:19:22,797 you try to solve that you're not trying to not solving anything 你去解决那个，其实什么也没解决。 250 00:19:22,797 --> 00:19:27,089 if you all of a sudden without correcting the fundamental issue which is the creep 如果你突然这样做，却没有纠正根本问题，也就是前移。 251 00:19:27,089 --> 00:19:29,636 or that or the inappropriate application of power 或者那个，或者不当地施力。 252 00:19:29,636 --> 00:19:34,224 and you get them to start doing this what's going to happen they're gonna have tails all day long 而你让他们开始这样做，结果会怎样？他们会一整天都在出现追尾。 253 00:19:34,224 --> 00:19:42,517 you've got to find the fundamental problem the fundamental problem is in a back stroke with the creep or the appropriate application of problem or power 而你让他们开始这样做，结果会怎样？他们会一整天都在出现追尾线环。 254 00:19:42,517 --> 00:19:45,294 so don't treat the symptoms ask yourself okay 所以不要只治标——问问自己：好。 255 00:19:45,294 --> 00:19:50,777 this is a symptom this is what I see but what's the fundamental root cause of that of that issue 这是一个症状，是我看到的现象；但那个问题的根本原因是什么？ 256 00:19:50,777 --> 00:19:53,960 and then go all the way back to it and treat it 然后一路回溯到它，去解决它。 257 00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:56,338 so those are things that I think are pretty important 这些就是我认为相当重要的东西。 258 00:19:56,338 --> 00:19:59,939 and I think if you use these kinds of techniques and you go through this teaching stuff 我觉得如果你运用这些技巧，并把这些教学内容过一遍。 259 00:19:59,939 --> 00:20:03,281 you're going to become a much better teacher you're going to enjoy teaching more 你会成为好得多的老师，也会更享受教学。 260 00:20:03,281 --> 00:20:06,223 and so your students because it's going to be interesting and fun 你的学生也会如此，因为这些内容会变得有意思、有趣。 261 00:20:06,223 --> 00:20:17,190 and it's going to be different every day 而且每天都会不一样。